The Effect Of Genetic Diversity On Living Things Are The...

The main cause of genetic diversity in living things are the five processes of evolution. These five processes- genetic drift, gene flow, natural selection, speciation, and mutations- all affect allele frequencies within a population in different ways, thus, creating genetic diversity. Population change is in direct relation to both genetic drift and gene flow. Genetic drift is defined as â€Å"variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population.† This variation is caused by two types of genetic drift also known as the Bottleneck effect and the Founders effect. A Bottleneck effect is typically caused by a random event such as hunting or a natural disaster which can significantly reduce a population. Although a population can gain back their original population size after a Bottleneck effect, their genes have been permanently affected, resulting in much less genetic variation than that of a population that was not affected by a Bottleneck effect. Ex amples of genetic diversity due to a Bottleneck effect include the lack of genetic variation due to intense hunting in the 1890’s within the Northern elephant seal population compared to the large Southern elephant seal population. A Founders effect occurs when individuals from a large population branch out and create a new colony. Due to the small population, the colony is more likely to have less genetic variation from the original population. An example of a Founders effect is the presence of PolydactylyShow MoreRelatedGenetic Diversity and Survival of the Fittest1447 Words   |  6 PagesHeterozygosity is the measure of the genetic variation in a population at a particular gene locus. Genetic variation within a population is important in maintaining or increasing the fitness of members in the population and ultimately the survival of the species. 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